Hierarchical Multimodal Hub Location Problem with Carbon Emissions

The increasing demand for multimodal freight transportation makes the expansion of new secondary hubs necessary. carbon tax has also received attention from various sectors due to development requirements green transportation. Therefore, this study proposed a transport hub location problem, where emissions are specifically considered achieve strategic planning. A mixed integer non-linear programming model was formulated determine newly-built hubs, distribution cargo flow and modes links. tangible adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) is designed effectively search optimal solution. result based on Ningbo Port shows that additional brought 41.46% increase in flow, 2.2% saving time 2.35% total cost. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis reveals higher increases time, more needed reduce average volume save